New Venture Financing Case

`New venture financing at its core is securing the necessary funding to launch a new business. There are a variety of options for the entrepreneur to secure these funds, and finding the right financing in critical to starting any new business. Investors into a new venture will want to know that there is an acceptable risk/reward threshold for their capital. Therefore, it is important that the entrepreneur alleviate investor anxiety about the riskiness of the venture.There are several ways of an entrepreneur can portray the investment so that it is perceived to have less risk to the investor’s capital: an entrepreneur can stake his/her own capital in the venture to show the investor that he has a â€Å"horse in the race† as well, he/she may promise to pay back the money invested at an earlier stage in business growth rather than a later stage where the business’ financial status is less certain, or he/she may give investors some form of control in the company thro ugh specified terms, loan covenants, or participation in management.There are many entrepreneurs, however, who receive no outside funding for their start-up businesses. â€Å"Bootstrapping,† as it’s called, is when an entrepreneur uses his/her own savings, credit, personal loans, or equity available from a home or car mortgage. This is ideal if the entrepreneur has enough capital to start the business, as they retain 100% of ownership and control. Unfortunately, not all entrepreneurs can fund their new venture without outside help.When starting a new venture, it can be problematic to be burdened with too many liabilities that must be repaid, instead of reinvesting the funds back into the business to stimulate growth. For this reason, equity financing may be a more prudent path. There is a sector of specialized firms that will provide â€Å"seed capital† for a new venture, when the entrepreneur does not have enough capital to begin the new venture on their own.Th is capital is meant to get an idea off the ground and move it from past the â€Å"idea stage,† until the business has advanced to the stage where it can generate sufficient revenues itself. In this regard, they are considered to be â€Å"angels,† although this term can apply to individual investors as well as firms. â€Å"Angels† are typically those who have an excess of capital and contribute capital to new ventures. Angels may want forms of convertible debt, ownership equity, or management positions or control. To approach anyone for financing it is important to have a business plan.All legal issues regarding stakes and/or ownership should be clearly stated in any business plan, and it may be advantageous to supply a formal offering memorandum to investors. This will legally protect both principals in additional to providing the investors with a well-formulated blueprint for the formation and growth of the new venture. Venture Capital is another source of fina ncing. Venture capital is a pool of equity capital that is professionally managed. Wealth individuals can invest in these funds as limited partners, but usually they are comprised of pension funds and endowments.The general partners of the venture capital firm manage the funds, and are compensated with a fee as well as a percentage of the gains on the investments of the funds. Target returns on the investment in a venture capital fund are between 50% – 60%, although they can be very volatile. Venture capital usually does not take place during the start-up stage of the business cycle; usually is in the 2nd round financing stage. When exploring financing options and potential investors, it is paramount to guard any proprietary material associated with the new venture.Proprietary material is also known as a trade secret, which can be almost anything: a pattern, formula, design, process, or information. Whatever the proprietary information, it gives the entrepreneur a potential c ompetitive advantage over competitors, and is usually not generally know by the public. Protecting proprietary material with confidentiality agreements or non-disclosure agreements is advisable to any entrepreneur. As stated previously, there are different options when selecting financing. Equity ecurities are instruments like common stock and preferred stock, ownership shares in a firm, which derive value from the value of the firm, and are also a claim on a firm’s assets after all senior claims have been satisfied in the event of liquidation. Debt securities can take many forms: bonds, debentures, notes, etc. These debt securities receive higher priority than equity securities, and have the added benefit to the hold of receiving interest payments as well as the principal payment at the maturity of the security. Some debt instruments can be converted into equity securities depending on their construction.Venture capital firms will often â€Å"syndicate† a large invest ment: they attempt to entice other firms to take a stake in the investment. This allows venture capital firms to invest in numerous firms, diversifying their portfolios, and decreasing risk. Another form of financing is â€Å"cash flow financing. † Cash flow financing is typically funded by commercial banks, although it can also be obtained from institutional lenders (insurance firms or pension funds), loan institutions, or finance companies, and is a form of debt financing.These can either be short-term, long-term, or line-of-credit obligations. Asset-based financing may be more appealing to a start-up business than cash flow financing because start-ups lack an earnings history. In this form of financing, the firm gives the financier a first lien on assets: assets that can be used for these liens include accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, real estate, personally secured loans, letter-of-credit financing, and government secured loans.Venture leasing, a hybrid financin g option, occurs when a piece of equipment must be rented by a new venture for a fixed term. However, since the machine will have depreciated in value by the end of this fixed term, and if the new venture fails, the renter will have a harder time renting a depreciated piece of equipment, venture leasors will want to be able to purchase equity shares of the venture at the current price of financing at some date in the future, in exchange for the additional risk they take in leasing to the new venture.Of course, once your new venture has begun receiving revenues, financing may be internally generated. Profits can be reinvested into the venture to continue growth. Sources of internally generated financing include retained earnings, credit from suppliers, accounts receivable, a reduction in working capital, and the sale of assets. And while these sources can be a beneficial way of raising capital without the help of outside investors, the venture must be wary of becoming too â€Å"lean ,† or not having any wiggle room financially.There are a variety of investment possibilities to entrepreneurs in a new venture. Choosing the right one, or combination of financing methods, is critical to the growth and maturity of any venture. Throughout the business life-cycle, there are different stages at which these different financing methods will be helpful, or even necessary, and knowing which one best suits the venture is a vital part of prosperity.

3-Dimensional Carbon Nanotube for Li-Ion Battery Anode

3 Dimensional Carbon Nanotube for Li-Ion Battery Anode (Journal of Power Sources 219 (2012) 364-370) Chiwon Kang1†¡, Indranil Lahiri1†¡, Rangasamy Baskaran2, Won-Gi Kim2, Yang-Kook Sun2, Wonbong Choi1, 3* Nanomaterials and Device Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University; 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33174, USA 2Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University; 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas; North Texas Discovery Park 3940 North Elm St. Suite E-132, Denton, TX 76207, USACorresponding Author *Email: [email  protected] edu Author Contributions †¡These authors contributed equally. Abstract Carbon nanotubes, in different forms and architectures, have demonstrated good promise as electrode material for Li-ion batteries, owing to large surface area, shorter Li-conduction distance and high electrical conductiv ity. However, practical application of such Li-ion batteries demands higher volumetric capacity, which is otherwise low for most nanomaterials, used as electrodes.In order to address this urgent issue, we have developed a novel 3-dimensional (3D) anode, based on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), for Li-ion batteries. The unique 3D design of the electrode allowed much higher solid loading of active anode material, MWCNTs in this case and resulted in more amount of Li+ ion intake in comparison to those of conventional 2D Cu current collector. Though one such 3D anode was demonstrated to offer 50% higher capacity, compared to its 2D counterpart, its ability to deliver much higher capacity, by geometrical modification, is presented.Furthermore, deposition of amorphous Si (a-Si) layer on the 3D electrode (a-Si/MWCNTs hybrid structure) offered enhancement in electrochemical response. Correlation between electrochemical performances and structural properties of the 3D anodes highlights the possible charge transfer mechanism. Graphical abstract Keywords Li-ion batteries, carbon nanotubes, 3D Cu current collector, anode materials, amorphous Si, a-Si/MWCNTs composite 1. IntroductionLi-ion batteries (LIB) has been widely used as one of the most important energy storage devices in diverse applications such as green electric vehicles (EV), portable electronics and power tools, since it is commercialized by Sony in 1991 [1]. The commercial cell is assembled by carbonaceous anode, separator and a Li containing layered structure cathode (e. g. LiCoO2). In terms of carbonaceous anodes, graphite and soft or poorly ordered carbons (e. g. mesocarbon microbeads or spherical graphite, microcarbon fiber) have been employed.The reasons behind their commercial prominence contain the relatively low cost of carbon, the excellent mechanical sustainability for lithium insertion and desertion (having minimum volume change ) and their formation of a protective surface film with many elec trolytes [2-4]. Nevertheless, fully intercalated highly crystalline graphites have relatively lower specific capacity (372 mAhg-1, the stoichiometric formulae of LiC6) and cannot meet the demands of next generation LIB with respect to high specific capacity and volumetric capacity. To address these issues, other elemental compounds have been explored such as Al, Si, Ge and Sn [5].Among those elements, Si is known to have highest theoretical specific capacity (4,200 mAhg-1), however huge volume expansion/contraction (300–400%) during lithiation/delithiation brings about pulverization, resulting in capacity fading in a high number of cycles. To overcome such inherit limitations of bulk electrode materials, worldwide research groups have intensively focused on novel and suitable nanomaterials such as silicon nanotubes [6], silicon nanowires [7], nano sized transitional metal oxides [8-10], graphene [11] and carbon nanotubes 12-14]. Out of the many nanomaterials available, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted great attention for anode materials due to their high surface area, short diffusion length of Li+ ions and high electrical conductivity [15]. Past researches including from our group have demonstrated outstanding performance of MWCNT based binder-free anodes in terms of high specific capacity, excellent rate capability and extremely or nil capacity degradation during long cycle operation [16-17].However, carbon nano materials are known as low-density materials, which results in low volumetric capacity and low volumetric energy/power density. Therefore higher solid loading of MWCNTs as active materials is one of the most significant issues to be realized in practice. Very recently, it argued that nanotube based active materials have a critical shortcoming in terms of their very low weight per unit electrode area [18].Thus, their gravimetric energy density may not give a realistic picture to commercial application. The critical limitation may lead to s cale-up issues for their potential application in the development of EV. To counter this issue, we propose a new geometry of 3D Cu current collectors, which can play a crucial role in creating higher surface area to accommodate more solid loading of MWCNTs on the uniformly arrayed patterns in the 3D structure, leading to higher specific capacity and C-rate capability.Until now, efforts have been dedicated to employ a number of 3D structured current collectors including carbon papers [19], a self-assembled 3D bicontinuous nanoarchitecture [20], aluminum nanorods [21], and nanoporous nickel [22]. The previous research proved that a self-assembled 3D bicontinuous nanoarchitecture could be one of the ideal electrode architectures in order to realize not only high volume fraction of nanostructured electrolytically active materials (NiOOH/Nickel and MnO2 cathodes) but also their efficient ion and electron transport [20].In addition, ALD coated TiO2 anodes on 3D aluminum nanorod current co llectors showed the 10 times increase in their theoretical area and total capacity (0. 0112 mAhcm-2), compared to those resulted from the same anodes on 2D flat aluminum plate and high rate capability (the capacity ratios at 10 C/0. 5 C and 20 C/0. 5 C of the 3D anode were 0. 4 and 0. 35, respectively. ) [21]. Currently, the diverse types of hybrid anode structures have been designed and synthesized in order to expect the synergetic combination of two different types of nanomaterials for the igher electrochemical performances. As one of the most preferable combinations, MWCNTs/Si hybrid structure can be chosen due to the better mechanical accommodation of MWCNTs of the large volume expansion/constriction of Si during lithiation/delithiation process and the higher bonding strength between MWCNTs and Si. There were some selected reports on MWCNTs/Si composite structures, employing either SiH4 CVD method [23] or sputter deposition [24]. In this study, we present a novel concept 3D anod e system, comprising of MWCNTs directly grown on 3D Cu mesh using catalytic thermal CVD method [25].Electrochemical performances of this 3D anode structure are compared with those of MWCNTs directly grown on 2D Cu foil. Furthermore, enhanced electrochemical properties of a-Si/MWCNTs hybrid structure, synthesized on 3D Cu mesh using a two step process of CVD and sputtering deposition, are presented. Morphology and structure of as-grown MWCNTs and a-Si/MWCNTs hybrid anode structures and their role in the electrochemical performance are discussed. 2. Experimental A Cu mesh (TWP Inc. with average dimensions of 50  µm thickness and 65  µm hole size was prepared. In parallel, a 50  µm thick pure Cu foil (Nimrod Hall Copper, 99. 9% purity) was also employed. Both types of samples were used as substrates for depositing Ti (underlayer)/Ni (catalyst) thin film through a RF and DC magnetron sputtering system. These Ti/Ni thin film deposited samples were cut to 14 mm diameter disc shape f or 2032 button cell assembly, before inserting into a thermal CVD system for direct MWCNT growth.During CVD, samples were heated very rapidly, under an inert Ar gas environment, to the growth temperature of 750 °C, and MWCNT growth began with flow of a mixture of ethylene (C2H4) and hydrogen (H2) gas (1:2 volume ratio) in the chamber. After 50 minutes of growth, the samples were cooled to room temperature within the furnace under an Ar gas envelope. Amorphous Si (a-Si) was deposited further on the as-grown MWCNT samples using the sputtering system with the incorporation of Ti adhesion layer in order to enhance bonding strength between a-Si and MWCNTs.Weights of samples were measured before and after CVD growth to exactly identify weights of the active materials (i. e. MWCNTs and a-Si thin layer). Morphology and structural properties of the prepared anode structures were carefully investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopes (FESEM) (JEOL, JSM-7000F), an energy d ispersive spectroscope (EDS) (Thermo Electron Corporation, NORAN System SIX), a Raman spectrometer (Ar+ laser with ? = 514 nm, 33 mW power) and a field emission transmission electron microscope (FETEM) (FEI, TECHNAI F20).Electrochemical performance for these anodic materials was conducted in a typical coin cell (half cell). The cells were assembled in a CR2032 press. The complete cell assembly was carried out in an argon glovebox under extremely low levels of oxygen and humidity (both individually

Junction Desing Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Junction Desing - Term Paper Example Scenario 2: moderate accompanying refurbishments (low cost) Modifying the immediate major feeder roads to match the expectations of the ideal design for the junction. Scenario 2: Extensive work (high cost) Modifying all the minor and major feeder roads as well as the immediate link areas to major roads to be fed by the junction. Just as the level of work dictates, the three scenarios are more capital intensive as the work increase. However, with more work employed, so is the nearness towards creation of an ideal connection route and hence more effective in meeting public needs. Extensive work is also expected to create additional disturbances and challenges and hence there is a need to create a balance. The main environmental aspects considered in this report include: geology and soils, surface and groundwater conditions, air quality issues, generated noise, flora and fauna, landscaping and visual impact, cultural heritage, as well the population and general economy (O'Flaherty, 2002 , p. 123). This basically involves identification of the environmentally sensitive aspect along the connection route. It should be noted that no biodiversity areas under national or international legislation protection have been identified as lying along the area of construction. However, usage of natural resources including water resources, agriculturally viable land as well as forests is reviewed in the report. Improvements proposed Design standards for Junction Improvements. Design elements: Channelization: The movement of traffic flow at intersections to specified lanes and paths, by way of traffic marks is referred to as channelization. Channelization works for segregation of conflicts, regulation of conflict angles, regulation of speed, securing of automotive leaving or crossing the major traffic streams, securing of pedestrians, getting rid of excessive intersectional areas, blocking of prohibited movements as well as positioning of traffic regulation devices (Silver & Corbin , 2008). Design speed: The design speed at the intersection will help in governing multiple elements including entry – exit radius as well as the inscribed diameter. The design speed at the intersections in this case will vary from 20kmph to 25 kmph. Radius at entry: The radius at entry is defined by the design speed adopted, super elevation as well as the coefficient of friction. The radius should amount to drivers reducing their speeds to the design speed limit of the rotary. A range lying between 15 and 25 m is considered appropriate for the junction in question. Radius at exit: The exit radii should exceed the entry radii in order to enable the vehicles to increase speed while getting off the intersection. A range lying between 20 and 35 m is to be adopted in the remodeled design. A reduced radius may be chosen if the design speed at the point of exit calls for low speed due to high pedestrian flows as well as the site conditions. Width of carriageway at entry and exit: T he carriageway width with regard to the intersection legs is regulated by the design year traffic getting into and leaving the junction. The width at point of entry and point of exit depends on the carriageway width of the approaching road. The carriageway width with respect to the approaching road is dependent on the number of lanes that needs to be accommodated in each and every direction which largely depends on the volume of traffic entering and leaving the

Critical Appraisal of Compassion in Care by Van der Cingel Research Paper

Critical Appraisal of Compassion in Care by Van der Cingel - Research Paper Example The writer has employed a qualitative investigation of in detail interviews to achieve this knowledge. The investigation finds that sympathy has seven scopes- attentiveness, listening, tackling, participation, helping, charisma, and consideration. The investigation concludes that compassion is of worth to nurse and patient relationship as it inspires both in establishing an affiliation to realize the best result of care. Research Design Qualitative research is the apparent approach of collecting in-depth comprehension of emotions, opinion, and conduct. The writer further expounds that the employ of grounded hypothesis and in exacting the emergent fit method in other terms gathering hypothesis from statistics and then illustrating that theory. Stable comparative investigation, analytical initiation and oretical sensitivity are therefore employed in order to understand the empirical data. Nevertheless, there are risks in using the budding fit mode. Artinian and Giske (2009) depict that even though this technique allows the writer to build upon the exertion of preceding research, in the event that the research’s variables were found from the review of literature then they might be faulty. Recruitment Strategy The writer expounds the reasons why these meticulous individuals were selected for the investigation but does not show how. The research centres on older people residing with a chronic disease and therefore only above 65 years (with a continual illness) were selected. In some instances, nurses projected clients to the writer. Opinionative, this might leave the outcomes open to query, thus bias could inadvertently occur. Data Collection The data collection setting was threefold. To begin with, the centre for rehabilitation for chronic diseases followed by a home care administration and lastly an outpatient’s health centre. This is warranted by the author’s declaration that compassion is not universal in proficient settings. Nonetheless, th is is based on results available in print six years ago. Moreover, this information has been criticised because of van Heijst’s detest of rationalisation and nationalisation in care and wellbeing. It is made clear that data was composed in semi-structured interrogations carried out by the author, helped by students, and centred on a questionnaire that is included in the article. The interrogations were tape recorded and afterwards written out until data infiltration was attained. Nevertheless, there is no sign of the way these interviews were carried out. Data Analysis The writer does, however, gives an in-depth explanation of the procedure of data analysis. Data was put down and then investigated with Atlas-Ti that is a computer software programme. This software is employed broadly in qualitative investigations and data investigation. This aided the author to establish a list of perceptions general in compassion- attentiveness, listening, tackling, participation, helping, ch arisma, and consideration.

BANK OF AMERICA TECHNOLOGY (ATM, ONLINE BANKING, ALL TECHNOLOGY Essay

BANK OF AMERICA TECHNOLOGY (ATM, ONLINE BANKING, ALL TECHNOLOGY ASPECTS) - Essay Example (Frguson, 2000).Many banks are now spending huge amounts of money in technology .This money is being spent not only to update and maintain their IT infrastructure but also to keep ahead of the competition by being the first to provide the latest technologies. Some of the technologies provide ease and convenience to the customers and others help the banks to reduce their overheads and thus save money which was usually spent on physical infrastructure. Technology is also allowing small banks to compete with big established banks as they rely more on their virtual infrastructure than on their physical infrastructure to compete. IT has provided many custom made and off the shelf solutions to take care of their accounting and back office needs. IT has also helped in the development of new channels of reaching out to the customer such as auto teller machines, net banking, mobile banking and various other facilities. Some examples of technology products which are used by banks to provide se rvice to its customers are net banking , credit card online , mobile banking , electronic money transfer , online payment of taxes , mobile recharges , airline ticket booking etc. The list of services being provided by banks to its online customers is endless. Bank of America Corporation as a financial services company is the largest bank holding company in USA by assets and second largest by market capitalization. (Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council, 2009).It was founded in 1874 and was initially known as Nations bank .Its current name was assumed after the acquisition of a San-Francisco bank named as Bank of America. The need of information technology in Bank of America was felt due to another revolution that it has pioneered. It was one of the first banks to deploy branch offices of the parent bank in many locations all across the nation. But cashing a cheuque in a different location was a cumbersome process for the customers

Physical Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Physical Science - Essay Example For instance, individuals who are severely suffering from incurable diseases and other deadly diseases; they should be allowed to choose between life and death since they endure much pain. Furthermore, motive of euthanasia is to "aid-dying" painlessly, therefore, the laws should consider approving it even among the children. This will reduce pain, suffering and even low esteem suffered by patient. By doing so, the rights of an individual will have been respected. It is true that killing oneself is a way of protecting yourself from other forces and hence a defense mechanism, but it is totally different from mass killing, law does find it worth approving. When providing medical care and emotional care, the doctor always gives the patient medicine no matter the gross effects. Putting that into consideration, pain and agony should be prioritized. Hence our terminally ill children should be given a soft way out from such problems; hence legalizing euthanasia will be the only way out. The medicine given may not help and they may finally die. Therefore, legalization of euthanasia helps to avoid wastage of resources when buying medicine and it should be legalized. Law should forbid Mercy killing. It is unaccepted and a taboo for one to kill or to kill themselves. Human life deserves exceptional security and protection hence we should all stand against euthanasia Family members may have ill intention into forcing the patient to commit euthanasia hence unaccepted in the society. To protect evil and personal gains euthanasia should be demolished and should not be legalized in the current society. Thirdly, killing of oneself is biblical and religious unaccepted hence it will be abuse to the existing religion when euthanasia is legalized. The whole world should stand and protect the existing religions. Personally, I would not support euthanasia law since it will cause recklessness in the society. People will just be thinking about euthanasia whenever they are ill

Using the topic, thesis statement, and supporting points from your DB Essay

Using the topic, thesis statement, and supporting points from your DB 1 posting, - Essay Example With this being said, many persons think that children need to stop playing at school so that they can get to the work of learning academics. Although it may appear that play is not important in terms of the academic achievement of early childhood students, in fact, play is vital to their future educational success Through play, young children learn social skills such as taking turns and sharing. They learn communication skills such as listening to others without interrupting and asking for help when necessary. They learn how to make and keep friends and how to compromise. During play, children also learn to lead and to follow. Some children naturally lead, while others naturally follow. Play gives them the opportunity to try out different roles and learn to lead and follow. Children also learn about rules as they play. They determine when rules are necessary and what those rules need to be. They learn when the rules are working for what they need and when the rules need to be revised. They learn to make rules and to follow rules. They may also learn the consequences for not following rules. Academics are also learned through play. As young children engage in play, they reinforce learned skills and are exposed to new skills. While playing store, they make lists, write numbers, add numbers, try out calculators, read store advertisements and get exposure to percents. They also sort and count money. It is the teacher’s responsibility to ensure that young learners have the necessary and appropriate props and supplies to fully carry out a play scenario. Young students also have the opportunity to act as both teacher and learner during play. Academic skills are reinforced when students have the chance to teach the skills to others. Students also learn from one another. In conclusion, play gives students authentic opportunities to learn and practice.

Accounting II Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Accounting II - Article Example Such an individual promotes mediocrity in what they achieve as well as mediocrity in other individuals’ ability to achieve. A low EQ actually causes one to feel belittled, unworthy and inefficient. One example of a high EQ individual is my lecturer who is able to make every student’s response seem like gold or of Albert Einstein’s quality. On the other hand, an example of a low EQ individual would be my boss who constantly derides my every action and attempts to be excellent. I am left with the notion that it is impossible to achieve anything of substance. I believe that a high EQ can certainly help one’s personal and professional work. Likewise a low EQ can hinder one’s ability to progress. Firstly, a high EQ will cause one to relate at an optimum level with oneself as well as with others. Thus, one’s perception of self will improve to such an extent that others will want to be in the presence of such an individual. Similarly, a low EQ would cloud one’s ability to clearly accept oneself. Consequently, inability to objectively accept self will interfere with one’s ability to understand and relate to others. EQ therefore will affect both personal and professional life because one does not live in a vacuum. What affects one area of life will disperse to the other

Marketing a New Service Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 13750 words

Marketing a New Service - Case Study Example The service thus conceived has the potential to generate revenue from two channels- the insurer and the medical centers. This is explained in greater detail in the section titled "The Proposed Service". Targeting the ideal customers delineated as those who would need minimum financial outlay for the sale to close. These could be customers who are already buying from the company and would therefore be receptive to new ideas This paper begins with a review of literature which explores the key marketing concepts and principles that can be applied to the marketing of a new product or service. The review focuses on marketing of services, how the marketing of service differs from that of product and how the environment impacts marketing strategy and marketing efforts. The section reviews the 4 Ps of marketing, SWOT analysis, McKinsey's 7S model, stakeholder analysis, PESTLE analysis and BSC model. The next section of this paper explains in detail the service being proposed, and analyses its profitability and feasibility. It discusses in detail about the marketing environment and gives background on the company that will launch this service. The section explores how marketing concepts discussed in the review of literature apply to this innovative service. 2. Review of Literature Traditionally, marketing is explained as anything that creates business or keeps a customer. Blanchard (2003) states that customers are the reason for a company to stay in business and thus customer input and customer preferences must shape almost all aspects of work. It is also said that Marketing consists of the strategies and tactics used to identify, create and maintain satisfying relationships with customers that result in value for both the customer and the marketer. This definition can be explained further. Strategies refer to the direction that marketing effort will assume over a period of time, while tactics are specified steps or decisions made in order to follow the strategies established. Strategic and tactical planning

Corporate Tax Case Study Essay Example for Free

Corporate Tax Case Study Essay You are a CPA with an office in NearLakes City and clients consisting primarily of professionals, entrepreneurs, and small business owners. John Smith, Esq. , a practicing attorney with offices near yours, walks in your office and wants advice from you relating to a recent influx of cash he received as a result of winning a large jury verdict on behalf of his client in a personal injury case. His wife Jane Smith accompanies him during your meeting because she has some additional tax planning advice to ask of you. After reviewing John and Jane Smiths points of view, it will be your turn as a tax professional to decide on the best course of action from a tax perspective on their issues. Prepare a three page memo (at least 900-1,500 words per page) to John and Jane Smith addressing the issues presented. PLAYERS: JOHN SMITH ESQ. â€Å"I worked on this case for over two years. The jury awarded my client $2,000,000 in damages, of which my fee was $300,000 plus recovery of expenses paid up front in the amount of $25,000. How is the $300,000 taxed? What about the $25,000? What can I do to minimize the tax consequences of each? Also, I am thinking about buying the building that I currently lease my office space in. My current lease is $3,500 per month. How is this lease reported on my income tax returns (either personally or for my business which is a separate law practice established as an LLC)? Do I get better tax benefits for paying the lease or for buying the building? What are the differences? † PLAYERS: JANE SMITH-PROFESSIONAL â€Å"I think that the fees would be better used for paying off our house and buying a new, bigger house that Ive had my eye on. Does it make better tax sense for us to pay off the mortgage, sell the house, and buy a new house, or should we just use the money to buy the new house after selling the old house? Also, I sell handcrafted jewelry which earned me $20,000 last year. Do my business activities constitute a trade or business for federal income tax purposes? Or, is this just a hobby? Should I establish a separate trade or business to get tax benefits on these earnings? Does it make any difference that I use my car primarily for transporting my jewelry to different shops around town? Finally, I think I can earn more money if John were willing to invest $15,000 for new jewelry making equipment since my original equipment, which cost $10,000 five years ago, is almost obsolete. Does this make sense from a tax perspective? † Given the scenario, your role and the information provided by the key players involved, it is time for you to make a decision. If you are finished reviewing this scenario, close this window and return to this weeks You Decide item, in your course window, to complete the activity for this scenario. You can return and review this scenario again at any time. Prepare a three-page memo (at least 900-1,500 words per page) to John and Jane Smith addressing the issues presented: 1. John Smith tax issues: a. How is the $300,000 treated for purposes of federal tax income? b. How is the $25,000 treated for purposes of federal tax income? c. What is your determination regarding reducing the taxable amount of income for both (a) and (b) above? d. Is it more beneficial to continue leasing the business space or to buy the building? 2. Jane Smith tax issues: a. What are the different tax consequences between paying down the mortgage (debt) and assuming a new mortgage (debt) for federal income tax purposes?  b. Can John and Jane Smith utilize a 1031 tax exchange to buy a more expensive house using additional money from Johns case? c. Does Jane have a business or hobby? Why is this distinction important? d. Would Jane (and John) realize better tax benefits if she had a separate business for her jewelry-making activities? e. What tax benefits would Jo hn realize if he invested $15,000 in Janes jewelry making? f. Can Jane depreciate her vehicle or jewelry-making equipment? How? 3. John and Jane Smith tax issue: a. Should John and Jane file separate or joint tax returns? You Decide: Its your turn as a tax professional to decide on the best course of action from a tax perspective on their issues as presented above. For each issue, begin by restating the issue and numbering as shown above [i. e. , 1(a), 1(b), etc. ]. Next, explain and discuss the tax rules that apply to the issue, which you gleaned from your tax research. Then, conclude with a definitive answer to the issue, supported by citations to the sources used. So  for each issue, you should 1. state the issue; 2. explain and discuss the applicable law (IRC sections, regulations, court decision, and so forth); and 3.  present your answer in the form of a concluding paragraph that  refers to specific language from the IRC sections, regulations, court decisions, and other sources (if applicable) to support the conclusion. *A template has been provided for your use in preparing this activity. Please use it! Citations Citations are required. You must provide citations whenever you refer to the sources of tax law used in this memorandum. You may cite your sources in numbered footnotes, numbered endnotes, or in parentheses immediately after the sentence mentioning the cited source. Grading Rubric Category Points Description Superior 100–125 Content and subject:  Easily identifiable, clear; meets or exceeds page or word-length requirement; all required citations are provided Structure:  Apparent, understandable, and applicable; excellent flow and well structured Analysis:  Interesting and novel; provides different perspectives; demonstrates critical thinking and critical analysis at a high level   Mechanics:  Virtually devoid of errors in grammar, syntax, punctuation, and spelling Achieving 80–99 Content and subject:  Concrete overall, but may be slightly unclear; meets or exceeds page- or word-length requirement; some citations missing Structure:  Generally clear and appropriate Analysis:  Evidence relates to the content; evidence may lack some clarity; critical analysis and critical thinking apparent Mechanics:  Good sentence structure (syntax), grammar, punctuation, and spelling, with minor errors Average 65–79 Content and subject:  Fairly easy to read and understand, but paper meanders from topic or lacks cohesion or content; meets page- or word-length requirement; missing most citations Structure:  Overall good, with minor shortfalls Analysis:  Some critical thinking, but minimal or no analysis or further discussion by the adult learner Mechanics:  Sentence structure has some errors relative to syntax, grammar, punctuation, and spelling Below Average lt; 65 Content and subject:  Often unstructured and vague; content not totally applicable to the papers requirements or introduces substantial material not relevant to the assignment and/or the relevant discussion points; no citations provided for tax law research   Structure:  Mostly unclear and difficult to visualize Analysis:  Very limited with no analysis or further discussion by the adult learner that demonstrates adult learner critical thinking/analysis Mechanics:  Numerous mistakes in sentences, paragraph formatting, spelling, and grammar that subtract from the content of the paper; writing errors suggest minimal likelihood that paper was proofread for errors prior to submission; writing not at graduate level

Describe what leadership is and all the relevant leadership styles

Describe what leadership is and all the relevant leadership styles There are various definitions and concepts by a variety of people it comes to defining leadership. According to G a Cole leadership is a dynamic process in a group whereby one individual influences the others contribute voluntarily to the achievement of group tasks in a given situation. Leadership engages other people, for example subordinates. The role of the leader is to direct subordinates towards set goals or aims and objectives of the group or the business. Subordinates help define a leaders status by how much there are willing to listen and accept direction from the leader. Weak leaders tend to have no respect from group members and find it hard if not impossible to direct them. Leadership involves an unequal division of power between the people or person in charge and group members. This allows order and coordination within a group or organisation if there is one clear leader, employees will know who to refer to for confirmation on decisions or when problems arise. It should be noted however that some employees are note entirely powerless; they do contribute and shape activities in the group in various ways. If a group is to be highly effective and successful every member needs to contribute and play a part form start to finish, but more power usually concentrated in the hands of the leader. Different leaders have different forms of power; reward, coercive, legitimate, referent and expert power. Reward power is formed on the leader having the skill to reward group members for getting instructions done and achieving set goals. Employees are more likely to work harder if they know their efforts will be recognised and rewarded. Rewards could include promotion, pay rise or a bonus. Reward power is highly used in the workforce as a form of disciplining and motivating employees. Coercive power is formed on the leaders capability to make subordinates accountable for not achieving objectives or getting their job done on time. Through coercive power subordinates are aware that failure to meet job requirements might lead to tell off or job loss. Legitimate power is a form of formal authority, it usually comes with the job. Under legitimate power employees recognize the fact that the leader has the authority to exercise influence over them. In many cases employees are obliged to accept this power and failure to concur will mostly result in them being reprimanded or made redundant. Expert power is formed on the principle that the leader has the significant skills and expertise that other members in the group do not. Subordinates are more likely to respect, accept and acknowledge the leaders authority and leadership if they are know he/she is more experienced that there are in that field. Referent power comes from the other group members desire to be like their leader. This type of leadership usually links with charismatic and pragmatic leaders. James A F Stoner notes that possession of some or all of [the above powers] does not guarantee the ability to influence particular individuals in specific ways. A leader may have subordinates approbation as a specialist but still fails to motivate or make them more corporative in the workforce. A good leader must have the capacity and skills to draw upon and use the various forms of power to be able to influence employees. Good leaders must possess the power of influence if employees are to do the work that is required of them, on schedule and in some cases on budget. As a individual a leader must be able to look ahead, identify how to get ahead and guide colleagues ahead. For a leader to be successful according to Tim Hannagan he/she must share common goals with those around or have the skills to steer group members towards their way of thinking. Employees must intern momentarily give up their own views in favour of the leaders and the rest of the group, listening to other group members and compromising. Although employees go about different ways in achieving company objectives à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦they accede to the preferences of the leader in exchange for the rewards they expect to receive as a result. Tim Hannagan 2005. Effective leaders motivate their employees by convincing them that the aims set for them is the best way to get the job done and will provide a better result. Happy employees work hard and are more likely to achieve the common objectives of the business or group. Leaders are in charge of employees under them therefore responsible for them and their actions in the workforce there are held accountable for the success and failure of their team. The accountability makes it comparative that the leader makes the best decisions, manages the team and communicates effectively with employees in such a way that action is taken and unneeded costly mistakes that could cost the leader, team members or the organisation avoided. Leadership involves avoiding obstacles and if they should arise overcoming them in the most cost effective way possible. The business environment as shown by the unexpected financial crisis is very unpredictable, so leaders need to be pragmatic and innovative if there are to survive and stay on top is an economic, technological and social environment that forever changing. The 21st century static business environment is rapidly changing and leaders need to evolve with the times if there are to retain employees and be successful. According to Hannagan leadership can be seen as performing the influencing function of management largely involved with establishing gaols and motivating people to help achieve them. In management there are various leadership styles and different leaders fall under different styles. Good leaders tend to use a style of leadership in response to the workforce or situation concerned to achieve the best result possible. There are old and modern styles of leadership, including; Transactional, Transformational, Participative and Situational Leadership. 1.Situational Leadership Situational leadership is ..an approach to determining the most effective style of influencing, considering the direction and support a leader gives, and the readiness of followers to perform particular tasks. David Buchanan, 2004. Situational leaders should be able to change their leadership style in response to the teams developing or changing behaviour, for example experience or willingness to accept responsibility. Blanchard and Heresy (1982) believe the maturity of the employee determine the leadership style of the leader, they believe that employer and employee relationship move through four stage. As employees become more experienced and skilled, the employer will need to change his style of leadership to motivate and take advantage of employees new found skills to make the team more effective, The Situational Model of Leadership SOURCE : OBNotes.HTM by WILF H. RATZBURG D1: LOW COMPETENCE HIGH COMMITMENT D2: SOME COMPETENCE LOW COMMITMENT D3: HIGH COMPETENCE VARIABLE COMMITMENT D4: HIGH COMPETENCE HIGH COMMITMENT As the diagram above shows the situational model of leadership has four stages : Phase 1 Directing . New subordinates are instructed in their tasks and the corporations procedures and rules. In the initial phase employees are given a lot of tasks by the leader. Subordinates are trained in their tasks as they are being familiarised to the organisation. They are told what to do, when and how to do given tasks. this is arguably a good and effective way to introduce new employees as a non directive [leader] would cause anxiety and confusion in new.. employees whilst a participatory, high relationship behaviour approach would à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦be inappropriate at this stage because the [employee] requires structure. James A.F Stoner, 1995. Phase 2 Coaching. In phase two there is more relationship behaviour than in stage one as subordinates become more accustomed to their job and the business. In this stage the participatory leadership style can be adopted as employees are considered to want more responsibility. Employees are more likely to seek more responsibility as they have become accustomed to the environment including how their leader wants tasks handled and completed. Task behaviour however remains necessary as employees still need structure to complete their work. The leaders trust and support for subordinates will increase at this stage as the leader becomes familiar with the team and wishes to encourage their efforts further. Phase 3 Participating. At this stage subordinates are more skilled and achievement motivation becomes mote noticeable which will lead to subordinates seeking more responsibility. As the employees become more experienced the leader will no longer need to strictly direct employees, in most cases skilled employees dislike autocratic leaders as they feel there are experienced enough to carry out certain task without strict supervision. There is a lot of interaction and support but little direction and task behaviour. The leader should however continually motivate employees by being supportive and considerate, if he/she is to bring out the best of employees. Phase 4 Delegating. High levels of delegation from the leader as employees are more confident, experienced and self-directing. Kenneth and Heresy feel that at this stage an employee no longer expect direction from their leader. There is less task or relationship behaviour. Under this leadership style leaders should constantly assess employee experience, motivation and ability to decide on which style is appropriate under changing conditions. If the leader chooses the most effective style there should be able to develop subordinates professionally and at the same time motivating them. The ability to be able to shift leadership styles is arguably a skill any good leader should possess as leaders are faced with different evolving situations on a daily bases. Leaders who are trained to flexibly use various leadership styles when faced with changing situations use the situational leadership style effectively as they know when to adapt or change to a different style. Leaders who are not trained to be flexible are likely to be more effective in situations that match their style of leadership. Failure to adapt will cause the leaders team to lack direction and to be less effective than if they had a flexible leader. 2. Participative leadership Participative leaders have total trust and confidence in employees. Leaders will always ask employees for ideas and opinions and then constructively use the ideas to further the groups or the organisations success. There is a lot of communication between the leader and employees and employees will be rewarded for their participation in the group. Being involved in the process of decision making help motivate and make employees more committed to their job and the business. When faced with unexpected problems employees are more willing to help as they no their input will be taken into account. Involving a group of people in the decision making ensures a better outcome, as suggestions are thoroughly analysed before the final decision is reached. Group decision making also unites employees as the social commitment amongst the group members is greater. Employees are more likely to corporate and come up with new ideas if they feel comfortable with the people around them. Leaders who adopt this style of leadership when operating usually have the greatest success as leaders. Businesses that use the participative style of leadership could be said to be the most successful in setting goals and achieving them and are also usually more productive. The success is due to the degree of participation and the maintenance of employee support for one another and from the leader. Participative leaders can improve the businesses effectiveness by using the skills, experience and knowledge of the workforce. Employees who feel and are involved setting business standards are more likely to feel ownership for the decisions made and tend to: Accept the legitimacy of decisions reached with their help; Accept change based on those decisions; Trust managers who ultimately ratify and implement decisions; Volunteer new and creative ideas and solutions. [David Buchanan 2004] It should be noted that it is the leaders choice to give or deny control to surbodinat6es under his control. Although an organisation might require their its leaders to use this type of leadership style, a manager might chose not to use it as effectively as they possibly can as they might feel involving subordinates in decision making might threaten their job position. The level of employee participation also depends on the sort of decision being made. Subordinates are usually involved when deciding on how to put goals into action, whereas employee evaluation on those decisions is done by the leader. Participative leadership is highly democratic and empowers employees. 3. Transactional leadership A transactional leader is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a leader who treats relationships with [employees] in terms of an exchange, giving [employees] what they want in return for what the leader desires, following prescribed tasks to pursue established goals. Transactional leaders perceive their association with employees in terms of bargains; they believe that employees are motivated by reward and punishment and not their willingness to work. Transactional leaders aim to create clear structures, where employees know exactly what they are expected to do. These type of leaders believe that social system are more effective with a clear chain of command, when employee are expected to yield all authority to their leader. Leaders who use this leadership style decide what subordinates need to do to attain their own and the corporations aims and objectives and help subordinates become confident in believing they can achieve the set aims and objectives through hard work, but employees are expected to do what they are told by the leader in all cases. Failure to comply with leaders instructions will lead to formal discipline which might result in job loss. As soon as a potential employee becomes an employee it becomes transparent the leader is in charge and in control. Employees who are successful under transactional leaders are usually the ones that follow orders Transactional leaders deem employees to be completely responsible for their work despite their skills, experience or resources. Subordinates are expected to take full responsibility for their work, success will be recognised and rewarded while failure is seen to be personally the subordinates fault despite internal or external influences that might have contributed to objectives not being met. Leader who use this type of leadership style believe that employees require little attention if they are meeting expectations or operating as expected. There is a variety of leaders that use this type of leadership. The leadership style might be effective with employees who are used to an autocratic leadership style and who work well under strictly structured conditions. The success of the leader is assured when the leadership style aligns with the work environment. Employees who are highly skilled and experienced are likely to despise and be unhappy under this type of leadership if it is constantly being used by the manager as they might feel they have more to offer to the business and will therefore despise being constantly told how to their job. Unhappy workers are unlikely to perform to the best of their ability and find a new job else where. .

Inner and outer beauty in Dorian Gray Essay examples -- essays researc

The term ‘beauty’ may have very relative significance. Something can be beautiful for us, but ugly for other people. The external beauty of a person is often the first thing that we pay attention to. This is the result of the association of beauty with good and ugliness with evil. Through the outer appearance we make a general opinion about a given person. Such a way of thinking may be very misleading. In order to get to know the person we need to look to the inside – into the soul. This is the place where the real beauty and ugliness are hidden. The notion of inner and outer beauty is perfectly presented in the novel ‘The Picture of Dorian Gray’ by Oscar Wilde. The story described in this book shows how the external attractiveness influences people’s behavior and corrupts the inner beauty. The plot situated in the XIX England perfectly describes the higher class of this period. Shallow and two-faced society is concentrated only on the esthetical values of the surrounding. Youth and beauty are the most precious and cultivated things. Even the worst deeds are forgotten if your beauty is extraordinary. The main character, Dorian Gray is an example of a person from a higher class. This twenty-year old and extremely handsome young man is regarded among society as an ideal of beauty. His Physical attractiveness draws the attention of a very talented painter Basil Hallward. He decides to immortalize Dorian’s beauty and paints his portrait. In the meantime Dorian meets cynical nobleman, Lord Henry Wotton. Just like everyone else, Lord Henry is astonished by the prettiness and innocence of Dorian. Henry is a charming talker, and his views concerning beauty are the same as the views of other members of aristocracy. He cherishes it above all considering it as the most important thing in life. The talk with Lord Henry makes Dorian to think about the elapsing of the physical attractiveness. He realizes that some day his charm and youth will disappear and he will not be able to live a careless life anymore. This thought scares him very much especially when he sees the finished portrait, painted by Basil. He makes a whish, which will change his life forever: ‘If it were I who was to be always young and the picture that was to grow old! For that I would give anything! Yes, there is nothing in the world I would not give! I would give my soul for that’ (Chapter 2). Dorian i... ...s primeval looks, showing his magnificent outer beauty. The book is full of allegories and illusions. Even the title has a deeper meaning. The word ‘dorian’ means ‘golden’ in ancient Greek. The linking of two colors: golden and gray perfectly reflects complexity of the main character. Dorian is an example of a Narcissist, a person who is in love with his own look. His glamorous good looks contrasts with the rotten and evil inside. The story shows how shallow people can be while judging others. Another interesting point is the misleading statement that the beauty always comes together with goodness. The painting which serves as a mirror of Dorian’s soul perfectly reflects the inevitably changes in his character, while the beauty of his face is unchanged. No one beliefs in the evil stories about him because of his outstanding outer appearance,’ The Picture of Dorian Gray’ is a timeless story about what is really important in life, namely our inside. Only by knowing our hidden emotions we can re ally judge whether the person is good or bad. Bibliography: Varty,A.(1998).A Preface to Oscar Wilde,Longman,NY Cornish,F.H.;Wilde,Oscar(1993).The Picture of Dorian Gray,Heinemann,Oxford

History :: essays research papers

We have been taught that it is important to know history so that we can understand and learn from past mistakes to avoid repeating them in the future. Therefore, attending the Holocaust Museum should be mandatory because the museums unique interactive exhibits allows people to relive the inhumanity of the Holocaust and to have a hands on experience with the events leading to and ending World War II.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Holocaust Museum did a remarkable job of involving the visitors during the tour. It was as if we turned back time and actually relived the whole ordeal as first hand witnesses. Throughout the tour there were many exhibits recreating the crucial events leading to the Holocaust, and reenactments of meetings leading to the final decision to begin the execution of the Jews. The museum exhibits clearly gave everyone a better understanding and feeling of the struggles that the Jews went through during the war. Through old documents and pictures displayed on exhibits throughout the tour, the visitors were showered with horrific and heroic information that you simply don’t get from textbooks or films.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Hall of Testimony was an emotional exhibit where visitors watched films and listened to experiences of Jewish people who were involved in the concentration camps. The Hall of Testimony was a dark and gloomy room ironically representing a gas chamber. It gave people a sense of deeper understandment and fear of what was actually going on. It felt as if you were actually in a gas chamber waiting for your final hours of life. Watching dramatic videos of the Jewish people being stripped of their clothing and separated from their loved ones to enter the gas chambers became very emotional and hard to watch. It made everyone in the room both psychologically and physically aware of the actual sufferings that occurred during the Holocaust.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I don’t believe that I have ever been fully aware of the tragedies and sorrows that occurred during the Holocaust. Throughout many years of learning about the Holocaust in junior high, high school, and college, I still felt a sense of emptiness about the whole ordeal as I walked into the Museum of Tolerance. However, when I walked out of the museum I felt as if I was a new man. I began realizing how cruel the world can be and how much the people living in this world today can improve it by showing equality towards one another.

Racism in the Video Skin Deep Essay -- Skin Deep Racism Racist Essays

Racism in the Video Skin Deep In the ideal world everybody is equal. In the real world there is racism. Situations stemming from racist feelings and conflicts between ethnic groups remains a serous problem. The video Skin Deep brought together college students of different races to express their feeling and beliefs about racism. The video supported the idea that the environment you are raised in is an influence on beliefs and feelings you might have towards other races. Dave’s grandfather was a confederate. He grew up listening to his grandfather talk bad about other races. Dave’s best friend is Mexican, and he said he can not bring him around his grandparents. Marc comes from a good Italian family. His father has some strong views about people of other races. Marc adores his father, but he’s not sure if he agrees with him. In fact, Marc loves to sing and when he joined in an all Black gospel choir, he did not tell his father for several months. Most of the other students expressed that they had the same upbringing, to discriminate against other races. Even though it was wrong of our grandparents and parents to raise us in such an environment, I can understand why they did. Some of our grandparents lived in the days of slavery and war and had to deal with the experience first hand. Their experience is all they knew to teach their young. I think our generation can look past how we were brought up and recognize that it is wrong, and teach our children better. Tammy made a point that the black students at her school often did not get involved in events. She said that when she went to school meetings she made an attempt to sit by students of other races, when she tried to make friends with them by sitting next to them and making conversation, she could tell that they did not feel comfortable sitting next to her. This made her feel uncomfortable. The Black students felt that they were often left out of groups and schoolSkin Deep 3 events so they decided to have a graduation ceremony for Black students only. My first thought of this idea was that it was only splitting the races up even more. After listening to other’s thoughts in class I understood more why this was so special to the Black race. One reason was because for most of the students, they were the first to graduate in their family and that is something to take pride in. Judith is th... ...one of another race has the same opportunity as me. I do think I feel this way because I have not had to experience life as a person of a different race. Brian a black student, felt that White people think if one Black person does something bad, then all Black people do it. I also think that the media, movies, and music play a big role in stereotyping. Stereotyping is something that most people do. I don’t think it is done to hurt people intentionally. Overall, I thought the video was good and the students expressed their opinions and feelings openly and honestly. The video is pretty old and I do think that people are more accepting of other cultures, interracial marriages, and biracial people now. I might even say that I am ignorant to racism because I am not racist. Maybe I do not really see racism when it is right in front of me. Being a nurse I have patients of all races and cultures. I see my patients as equal humans. When I look at them, the color of their skin or their appearance is not important to me. What I see is a patient who is sick and needs my care. There is no one solution to racism in this country. We each need to contribute to the solution in our own way.

Mobile Phone and Favorite Website Facebook Essay

Introduction I. A woman driving her car, her eyes off the road, an accident occurred due to texting and are found dead. Being bullied on facebook led a teenage girl to commit suicide. II. These are the two scenarios in how technical reality is a dangerous part of today’s society. III. I have done research in texting and facebook that effects people in many different ways. IV. Today, I would like to persuade you that many people live in a technical world by using texting and a website like facebook instead of facing reality. (Transition: Let’s start with everyone’s favorite activity texting) Body I. Everyone is texting and has impacted their lives, which have caused them to injury or even death. People text while driving, running, walking, and even in places like school and work that are easily distracted by receiving a text. A. According to the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety there statistics show that in the year 2010 there has been over 33,788 lives lost. 1. Many people know the danger of texting, but they rather risk their lives and just answer that text they received or read an email instead of focusing on their driving. 2. For instance, on CBS News in Minnesota announced that a mother was texting on her cell phone, with her two kids in the car, and caused her to crash into a motorcyclist that was in serious injuries. B. Besides texting and driving, adults and students are easily distracted from work and/or school. 1. On September 2011, Chris Gayomali from Time, his statistics shows that 83% of American adults that own cell phones, 73% of them send roughly about 110 texts per day or 3,200 text messages per month. 2. For example, students are easily distracted when they feel the buzzer go off on their cell phone and are eager to read their text, which cause them to loose focus of the lecture. (Transition: Now that I have discussed about texting let’s move on to everyone’s favorite website facebook.) II. Everyone has facebook. More than 800 million people have a profile activated. Most people use facebook to gossip about each other even adults. A. Many teenagers have facebook and are harming them in many ways. Some are being distracted from school; some are being bullied on facebook. According to Consumer Reports, 7 million kids under 13 are on Facebook. 1. For instance, the ABC News on October 2011 Nicolette Taylor a 13-year-old girl was being bullied on facebook about her having a big nose, which caused her to have cosmetic surgery done at a young age. 2. Another incident occurred, Douglas Stanglin from USA today, that Phoebe Prince a 15-year-old teen a recent immigrant from Ireland was found hanging from her room dead due to being bullied on facebook and harassed. B. Besides the facebook teens’ bullying, adults are zoned into facebook at work and not focused on their work. 1. For example, at my job New York Road Runner the organization of the NYC Marathon, I have seen m any on facebook chatting and browsing on photos, which have nothing to do with their work. Conclusion I. As we have heard that the virtual world is effecting everyone in different ways II. For our safety and the safety of others we should stop texting and face our reality. III. Being focused on a cell phone or facebook your being distracted from school, work, friends, or places you worship. IV. I encourage you today to try to use less of your cell phones or/ and facebook page and pay attention to the world. Bibliography AAA Foundation of Traffic Safety. Distracted Driving Gayomali, Chris. Jaw Dropper; 18 to 24 olds Average 110 Text Massages per Day, Time Techland, September 2011. Print. Chang, JuJu. Bullied on Facebook, teen 13, Gets Nose Job, ABC News, October 2011. Print. Stanglin, Douglas. Nine, Teens charged with Bullying in Teen’s Suicide, USA Today, March 2010. Print.

What Love is for Shakespeare

Like every other poet, mainly characterized by idealism and creativity, William Shakespeare views love as an eternal and ideal state of being. People often look at its grim features. But Shakespeare chose to distinguish love from pain, as what it naturally is. This essay will try to discuss love as seen by Shakespeare and written in his 66th sonnet. Shakespeare wrote the sonnet by citing important influences on love – time and place, beliefs, church and politics, life and death, change, and permanence. He admits that there are impediments because of these factors, but he refuses to give in and be stopped by them. He said, â€Å"Let me not to the marriage of true minds admit impediments. † These impediments for him are considered to be fixable, as he said in Much Ado (MA. II. 2. 1-4. ). Shakespeare disagrees on the kind of love that is easily broken or vanished. He thinks that it is permanent and doesn't yield to heavy toil and suffering. He said, â€Å"Love is not love which alters when it alteration finds, Or bends with the remover to remove:† This is actually common to everyone, particularly those who are new to such intense feeling and have not yet experienced the pain of their first love. However, Shakespeare thinks of love as an unyielding and enduring connectedness. He then compared it to a beacon used by sailors in shipping, unshakeable even by great waves and storms. â€Å"O, no! it is an ever-fixed mark, That looks on tempests and is never shaken. † Love guides every wandering soul like the northern star guides every sailor. He wrote, â€Å"It is the star to every wandering bark, Whose worth's unknown, although his height be taken. † Also, love is not a plaything or a toy easily broken by ageing. â€Å"Love is not Time's fool,† proves that love is not based on physicalities that rots as Time dictates. Love endures even Time and doesn't change in distance served. The fleeting time is measured by weeks and hours but these don't matter really for a love that endures change. Death may end everything and given that we don't believe in continued life after death, reincarnation perhaps, love will bring people to their end, still holding each other tight, even with their hands cracked by age. He said, â€Å"Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, But bears it out even to the edge of doom. † However love may seem perfect and eternal to Shakespeare, he still realizes that everything has an end. This is explained by a seemingly underscored concluding couplet of the sonnet. Love will always be a part of life that is temporary. Nonetheless, he has already made his claim and established his points on the wondrous feeling brought by love to the extent that he seeks challenges from other people and willingly sacrifices the validity of all his sonnets, the melting pot of his romanticism, when this treatise on love is proven wrong. This sonnet has been read widely, like all of his other works, and became the basis for those who seek answers on the question of what love really is. It is never wrong to be idealistic, especially on issues as fulfilling as this. However, we must always accept that everything has its end. Since everyone who feels such love is going to die anyway. Still, Shakespeare is one of those who aims high and gives this very particular topic the right for eternity and endurance. Love is never a simple thing, it is wide and complicated. It digs in people's hearts and reveals what they truly are, without much consideration of what others might say or what time has kept ahead for him. It is worthy of the best imaginations, best literatures, and best descriptions no matter how painful it is at times, the happiest point of loving is always far eternal than that of other source of happiness.

Law 421 Case Scenario: Big Time Toymaker.

Case Scenario: Big Time Toymaker. The parties did have a contract for exclusive negotiation rights as stated in the case scenario. Big Time Toymaker (BTT) paid Chou $25,000 for a 90-day period of exclusivity, thus prohibiting Chou from soliciting or entertaining offers from other parties. The agreement stipulated that unless it was written no distribution contract existed. Prior to the 90-days elapsing, the parties reached an oral agreement and BTT sent Chou an e-mail titled â€Å"Strat Deal† covering the key terms of the distribution agreement reaffirming the oral agreement.This e-mail does not constitute a contract for several reasons. First, this was part of the negotiation process and Chou failed to draft the contract to â€Å"memorialize† the deal. Second, the requirement of a signature is in compliance with the statute of frauds. This is the one element uniformly required to compel a court to enforce. Factors that weigh in for Chou are first, the e-mail sent by BT T’s manager clearly shows delineates the terms of the distribution agreement. Second, BTT’s request for the draft contract even after a month had elapsed.These actions go to show that BTT intended to continue the deal even after a month. Factors that weigh against are first, Chou failed to send the draft contract as he stated. Second, Chou assumed the e-mail sent by BTT took the place of a written distribution agreement contract. Third, he failed to follow up and get an agreement in writing signed. BTT’s e-mail to Chou caused further investigation in the analysis of the first two questions. First, the case scenario states the e-mail was sent by â€Å"a BTT manager,† not the chief executive officer or the like.The e-mail on its own is not sufficient to constitute â€Å"signed writings† within the meaning of Statute of Frauds. Last, the e-mail lacked the typed name of the person at BTT authorized to make the deal. BTT could not back out of the contra ct under the doctrine of mistake. Under this doctrine there has to be a misunderstanding that any of the parties erroneously believe that certain facts is true, or a common mistake shared by both parties (â€Å"Different Types of Lawyer,†Ã‚  2011). In this case no key misunderstanding existed and common mistake made that was operative.According to Melvin (2011),  consideration is most often when the offeror holds an offer open for a period. For arguments sake, and this e-mail constituted an agreement, the consideration would be the one month from Chou received the e-mail and the fax request from BTT. There are four remedies for breach of contract under UCC Article 2. Categorized as remedies of law; the first is compensatory damages, which cover direct losses and costs. Compensatory damages are an attempt to put the non-breaching party in the same position it would have been had they not suffered the breach.Second are consequential damages, which are to cover indirect and fo reseeable losses not covered by compensatory damages. Third is restitution to prevent the unjust enrichment of one party in the agreement. Fourth, liquidated damages are provisions agreed to by the parties when drawing up the contract in the event of a default or breach of contract by either party (Melvin, 2011). Warranties come in two forms, either expressed or implied. The difference in the two is expressed warranties are stated and implied warranties are terms not discussed by the parties yet covered by the UCC.Examples of expressed warranties are often supplied with new automobiles or cell phones sold with lengthy, written, and specific warranties. An example of an implied warranty would be a mason who has become accustomed to the quality of brick his supplier has been providing. A violation of the implied warranty would be the consistency of the bricks changes, and the quality is not as good. Conclusion In conclusion, it is imperative that even if some company is willing to emb ark on an exclusive negotiation agreement does not signify 100% commitment.Both parties need to perform as agreed upon or an unpredictable outcome is possible, even litigation. The key to any relationship in business is communication throughout the process of a deal. Amicable negotiations are speedier and preferable to remedies at law. References Different Types of Lawyer. (2011). Retrieved from http://different-types-of-lawyers. blogspot. com/2011/12/contract-law-doctrine-of-mistake. html Melvin, S. P. (2011). The Legal Environment of Business. New York, New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin.

Night Terrors

An article by Ph. D John Cline has help me to come to believe otherwise. There was a situation In which a woman woke up to her sleeping husband's fists. Indeed the husband was sleep but far away from peace. The husband was experiencing a night terror. A night terror is far worse than a bad dream, a night terror is when someone wakes up screaming and in some cases they act out their dream.In this case the husband acted out his dream; however, his actions occurred unknowingly. His wife screamed his name for him to stop, this of hich woke him up. These events didn't stop there so the husband decided to seek professional help. upon being appointed to a sleep specialist he learned about Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. He quickly learned that he was suffering from a very rare disorder. About 0. 38 percent of the general population and about . 50 percent face this disorder.This disorder is also known as RBD his class of which is known as parasomnias. Parasomnias are unwanted phy sical events dealing with sleep. RBD happens to blend with Rapid eye movement. In the sense of this disorder the person's body is paralyzed and intense and colorful dreams occur. This sleep disorder is most common to men over the age of fifty years of age; however, Its possible for anyone to have this disorder but theyre not as Ilkely. Many sleep dfferent disorders associate with each other such as this one and sleep apnea in relation to rapid eye movement.R8N happens to also be associate to Parkinson's disease. There are Whitehead 2 many sleep disorders that can effect our sleep. This of which happens to be important because sleep Is Important to use as humans. Sleep can determine how health one can be mentally and physically. The Importance of sleep speaks for itself n fact, we do spend one-third of our life sleeping. I chose this article because everyone sleeps but, who says that we have to be at peace while doing it? I couldnt possible picture life without sleep.Honestly, I thin k life would be entirely too long and tiring without it. I also wanted to know more about this disorder for future references. Psychologically this article covers REM which happens to be the movement of the eye as someone dreams. In addition, I believe that our society would be pleased to know this disorder Is not a common one. This article was great in terms of knowledge of the disorder. I would have maybe even njoyed reading this article on my free and not Just for class purposes.In reading this article Ive learned that I am at a greater risk in having this disorder than the general population. To sum things up, never take your recommended six-eight hours for granted, because you never know when things could start to go bump in the night for you. Night Terrors By tiequeisha Jones me to come to believe otherwise. There was a situation in which a woman woke up to Upon being appointed to a sleep specialist he learned about Rapid Eye Movement however, its possible for anyone to have t his disorder but theyre not as likely.Many sleep different disorders associate with each other such as this one and sleep apnea in relation to rapid eye movement. RBN happens to also be associate to Parkinson's important because sleep is important to use as humans. Sleep can determine how health one can be mentally and physically. The importance of sleep speaks for itself peace while doing it? I couldn't possible picture life without sleep. Honestly, I think that our society would be pleased to know this disorder is not a common one. This this article IVe learned that I am at a greater risk in having this disorder than the

The Main Components of the EPA's Prescribed Waste Regulations Assignment

The Main Components of the EPA's Prescribed Waste Regulations - Assignment Example Batteries rules affect every person utilizing these commodities regardless of the level of use. The rules aim at regulating and making certain that the batteries are disposed of in environmentally friendly approaches. Biological diversity regulations offer conservation of natural diversity, sustainability and evenhanded distribution of resources. Wide life rules offer protection to all animals within the natural habitat regardless of their size and habitat. Forest acts offer protection towards conservation of forests. Merchant shipping rules offer to reduce waste that arises from ships within the coastal regions. The water acts offer protection to all water sources by preventing pollution. The air acts protect the ecosystem by curbing any possible air pollutions. The waste product is any redundant, cast off, dumped, unwarranted or excess material whether or not deliberated for trade or for recycling, reclamation, recuperation or decontamination by an independent process from that which created the material. Waste products can also be deemed to be everything affirmed by directive or environmental, safety guidelines to be waste, regardless of whether they are worthy or not. Waste products are any material regardless of the state in which it is liberated, emanated or accumulated in the surroundings, in volume component or manner that can cause a change in the environment. Waste products cause pollution in the case where they are poorly managed. Situational barriers hinder recyclers from creating effective recycling systems mainly due to deficiency of certain components that play a significant role. The deficiency is addressed at the level at which recycling occurs. At the lowest level, which is the home recycling, lack of materials such as numerous and large containers, little space to keep the wastes to be recycled, portable containers appreciably affects the establishment of effectual systems. At the higher-level, a low collection of waste from the local and municipal systems, hinder the firms that recycle from establishing an effectual system.

The Merits of Equitable Fairness in the Context of Injunctions Essay

The Merits of Equitable Fairness in the Context of Injunctions - Essay Example At times injunctive relief can be obtained in cases in connection with damages or as a substitute for damages.2 The merits of the fairness of injunctive relief are contained in Section 37(1) of the Supreme Court Act 1981 which provides that: The High Court may be order (whether interlocutory or final) grant an injunction or appoint a receiver in all cases in which it appears to the court to be just and convenient to do so.3 Section 37(1) of the Supreme Court Act 1981 therefore contemplates that injunctive relief will only be granted when the court considers it fair to do so. Fairness is derived from the use of the terms â€Å"just† and â€Å"convenient†. In order to understand how the terms just and convenient amount to fairness in the proceedings it is necessary to examine how courts exercise the jurisdiction for granting injunctive relief as provided for under Section 37(1) of the Supreme Court Act 1981. ... As Charleton observed, a prohibitory injunction seeks to regulate one party by forcing that party to go back to behaviour that is consistent with the terms of a contract. Presumably, the party has either failed to act in certain way or has stopped acting in that way. By ordering a prohibitory injunction, the parties are expected to continue as if nothing had come between them when one party is forced to act in a way that he or she no longer wishes to act.7 It can be argued that the prohibitory injunction achieves equitable fairness because it remedies situations in which, a party to an agreement discontinues a contractual obligation to the detriment of the other party who has invested significant resources in reliance on the continued commitment on the part of the offending party not to do something in particular. However, according to Lord Cairns LC in Dolman v Allman, a prohibitory injunction will be granted â€Å"as a matter of course† and the court is not concerned about: ...a question of the balance of convenience or inconvenience, or the amount of damge or of injury.8 Prohibitory injunctions are therefore not concerned about what is fair and just between the parties, but rather, what is fair and just in terms of the contractual obligations of the parties. Mandatory Injunctions A mandatory injunction is an injunction compelling one part to â€Å"undo the effects of breaching a negative undertaking†.9 Unlike a prohibitory injunction, courts are less inclined to grant a mandatory injunction.10 Courts will typically refuse to grant a mandatory injunction and will only grant a mandatory injunction if the court is satisfied that the party against whom the injunction is sought has

UK Crime Rate Indicators Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

UK Crime Rate Indicators - Essay Example The current paper will look into these issues and finally draw conclusions with certain issues that should be incorporated to improve their quality and acceptance. The United Kingdom offers an open society where people of different ethnic origins and nationalities are living together and are contributing to the overall country's economic and social setup. The society itself including the government aims to provide an environment where conformity and balance among cultural and social values can be achieved. However, with economic and social challenges arising disparities and evil emerges. This is important to understand as the crimes in the country are soaring and the authorities attempt to tackle the staggering crime levels. The current paper will discuss the current crime situation in the country as presented by Home Office in its yearly statistical bulletin. The yearly bulletin derives its data and subsequent analysis from two resources that include firstly, reporting from police stations across the country and secondly from British Crime Survey. ... The current paper will look into these issues and finally draw conclusions with certain issues that should be incorporated to improve their quality and acceptance. The crime levels in the United Kingdom are considered to be at higher level as compared to other countries including United States, Australia, Middle East and few other European countries. The UK is listed among Ireland, Estonia, Denmark and Netherland which have crime victim rates at 30% higher than the European average. The survey carried out by Gallup Europe for UN crime prevention agency has marked the capital city of London as the "crime capital of Europe" with 32% of the resident admitting that they have been victim of 10 categories of offences ranging from assault to sexual harassment. Furthermore, the U.K. is estimated to have the highest burglary rate, hate crimes and risk of thefts from car compared to European counterparts (Guardian, 2007). But all this is presented differently by the government of the U.K and claims are made through its Crime Statistical Bulletin that crimes in the U.K. are reducing. Crime Statistical Bulletin is published every year which incorporates st atistics and analysis of crimes under different defined categories. Through this report the U.K.'s Home Office attempts to measure and analyse crime statistics in view of estimating crime trends and reviewing its achievement in lieu of crime reduction and its impact on the individuals and society as all. The bulletin draws its statistics from two resources which include reporting from police records and an independent British Crime Survey (Home Office, 2008). The police records consist of figures collected and reported by regional police stations. These consolidated records on monthly

Critically analyse the role of senior managers as barriers to Essay

Critically analyse the role of senior managers as barriers to organizational change and explore how this can be addressed - Essay Example It is the objective of this study to delve deeper into this controversial premise, explore how management overcome resistance to change, compare how differing and contrasting theories impact the work organization, and finally to present methodologies to address resistance to proposed change(s) in the organizational, administrative and technological structures. As the Greek philosopher Heraclitus said, â€Å"Change is the only ever constant in this world†, and change is inevitable for evolution, development and fulfillment of any tangible or intangible object, concept or idea. Change creates opportunity for growth (Baker).It is the basic nature of man to resist change, and as Dr. Claude Brodeur states â€Å"We resist change. We choose to keep our habits, rather, the comfort of our habits† (Barriers†¦cited by E-commerce Expert ) It is this becoming too comfortable and complacent with our habits that gives rise to our distinct culture or behavior which often are not r eceptive to any disturbance or change,and as such, habit has become our individual culture and custom. Change cannot be easily undertaken by clashing with this individual culture, but rather by focusing on the work itself (Beer and Spector,1990). Change can be implemented on three potential areas: organizational structure, technology and people (Understanding and Managing Organizational Behavior,2006; Aladwani, 2001) and each area has its own definite, peculiar concerns that can impact and affect over-all employee attitude and behavior. Some changes may call for a company’s organizational upgrading and this may cover the company’s own policies, rules and regulations; the creation or abolishment of certain departments, altering the number of employees under each supervisor, or can be much simpler like clarifying someone’s job description (UnderstandingBehavior†¦ 2006). Technological change refers to new gadgets or equipment for better efficiency, while chang es in people refer to changing employees’ set behavioral patterns and attitudes. Of all these changes, change in people offer the most challenge and level of difficulty, and this is the area where this paper will focus thoroughly. Changing employees’ behavioral patterns and attitude perspective is a challenge for management, as employees are creatures of habit, and habits, as the saying goes, are hard to break. Early studies on change and resistance to change was undertaken by Kurt Lewin (Dent and Goldberg 1999; Burke, Lake and Paine, 2008) and clearly explained how habits are hard nuts to crack, and enumerates three steps to assimilate change. This three-step model is widely accepted when studying change theories and these can be summarized as unfreezing, moving and refreezing (Burke, Lake and Paine, 2008, p. 233). Lewin refers to a person as a â€Å"complex, energy field in which all behavior could be conceived of as a change in some site of a field† (Marrow, 1969). Marrow’s further research showed that David Bowers and Stanley Seashore , both pioneers of organizational behavior, acknowledged Lewin’s view that a person’s biological system of homeostasis, i.e., man’s natural ability to resist change should undergo a three step cycle: first, an unfreezing or disruption of an already existing steady state,

Representation of Women in Charles Dickens Great expectations Essay

Representation of Women in Charles Dickens Great expectations - Essay Example The women who influence Pip are not good role models for him and others around them. They have set standards for him that are unattainable and lead to an empty, unfulfilled life. Charles Dickens represents the majority of the women in Great Expectations as cruel, hard and domineering. Pip, a young boy living in the marsh country in South East England, has never had a mother figure to nurture or guide him. His formidable sister raises him ‘by hand’; Mrs. Joe Gargery who is a dominating force in both Joe and Pip’s lives (Dickens 7). Pip had the general impression that she must have forced Joe to marry him by hand (Dickens 7). Mrs. Joe is represented as being a cold and cruel woman who threatens Pip and Joe with her cane that she has nicknamed the tickler. Mrs. Joe is unhappy as the blacksmith’s wife construed to illustrate the notion that women in the Victorian era assumed the social status of their husbands. She is resentful of this and longs for more an emo tion that is captured in her statement â€Å"Perhaps if I warn’t a blacksmith’s wife, and (what’s the same thing) a slave with her apron never off, I should have been able to hear the carols’ (Dickens 20). Perhaps her resentment, for her present social status, is the reason for her attitude towards her husband and her brother. Her constant abuse towards him and unhappiness in her station greatly influences Pip. Mrs. Joe is brutally attacked by an unknown attacker, and this attack eventually leads to her demise. This brutality and justice are representative of Charles Dickens’s portrayal of women in Great Expectations. Ms. Havisham is another authority figure in Pip’s life, also meets her demise in a brutal way, but unlike Mrs. Joe, she dies after being caught in what appears to be a fire she started herself. Each death is punishably slow which can be construed to mean that Dickens meant to illustrate the atonement of their cruelty and evil deeds in life. Ms. Havisham is a scorned woman living in a decaying moldy house, and she could still be suffering from the shock of her fiance leaving her on her their wedding day. This left her with everything in its original place, including the time on the clocks, which is a good illustration of her denial and refusal to accept what had happened to her. Her denial and difficulty in accepting her position is echoed by Mrs. Joe who metes out her frustrations on her husband and brother. The generational inheritance of unattainable goals in life from their mother’s makes the Victorian era woman a dissent and unsatisfied woman. The pain in their lives is compensated for by their hard stance in life, cold and cruel behavior and attitudes towards people around their lives. Ms. Havisham’s rejection by her fiance leaves her mentally unstable and terrorizing her adopted daughter, Estelle and Pip. On Pip’s first encounter, he saw that everything within his environment, which used to be white long ago, had lost its luster, and was faded and yellow. He saw that the bride within the bridal dress had withered like the dress and the flowers, and had no luster left, but the brightness of her sunken eyes. Pip saw that â€Å"the dress had been put upon the rounded figure of a young woman and that the figure upon which it now hung loose, had shrunk to skin and bone† (Dickens 52). Ms. Havisham and Mrs. Joe are represented as domineering forces in the lives of people close to them, which brings a lot of pain and suffering to these individuals. Ms.

(consumer behavior) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

(consumer behavior) - Essay Example Questionnaires with appropriate scales were used to randomly collect data from people in different areas in an undisclosed city in the UK. After testing for validity and reliability, the collected data were quantitatively analysed using the structural equation modelling together with invariant tests with age and gender as moderators; those aged between 17 and 40 were considered as young while those above 40 were taken to be old (Aroean 72). It was found out that innovativeness could be a predictor of playful consumption and brand consumption though the latter does not predict playful consumption. This is an important article in understanding the role that consumers and behavioural perspectives play with regard to playful consumption. Organisations would find this research important in satisfying â€Å"innovative, playful consumers† thus the need for playful product brands (Aroean 70). As such, brand managers could retrieve relevant information to boost brand loyalty and share. Interestingly, the research reveals that switching brands does not pass as a predictor of playful consumption which means that marketers should not be concerned with their innovative customers who find varied play brands. But even so, these consumers would need to be constantly supplied with new playful rewards in form of new products so as to avoid adaptation. Nonetheless, the use of random sampling makes this study less desirable to marketers seeking to penetrate specific target markets with specific products. Eckhardt, G. M. and Houston, M. J. â€Å"On the Malleable Nature of Product Meaning in China.† Journal of Consumer Behaviour 7.6 (2008): 484 – 495. Wiley Online Library. Web. 29 October 2012 It is known that customers attach various meanings to products guided by context. But little research has been done to determine the source of this variation. Just like the other consumers, Chinese consumers hold multiple meanings

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 27

Research - Essay Example This data is utilized to explore the existing correlation between variables of interests and diseases. In other words, cross-sectional methodology presents an image of the occurrence of a disease in a population in any time interval. This research technique is preferable in the assessment of diseases that pose as a burden to the population. The information gathered by this technique will assist in the allocation of resources related to health and planning. It entails the study of purely descriptive information. It is utilized in the assessment of occurrence and distribution of a given disease in a specified population. For example, schools randomly sampled across New York can be utilized to assess the prevalence or the burden of Yellow Fever among 12-17 years old. Analytically, the study data may also be utilized to investigate the relations between an alleged risk factor and an outcome of health. Nevertheless, this type is limited in the drawing of valid conclusion regarding possible casualty or association since the presence of outcomes and risk factor are determined simultaneously (Blade, 2001). This makes it hard to evaluate which of the exposure or disease came first. Therefore, it requires a combination of more than one methodology for the technique to be rigorous. Information collection regarding the risk factor is retrospective, hence likelihood of biasness. Information collected regarding outcomes; exposure and disease is not reliable in drawing conclusion in reference to the health status of the sample population. Simultaneous evaluation outcomes and risk factor pose the risk of biasness of the results obtained in the analysis (Pine, 1997). Therefore, it will be difficult to trust that the data obtained is of desired accuracy and precision. Another hindrance of the technique lies in the fact that, the mystifying factors in most cases will not be similarly distributed amongst the various sets of interest in the research. The inequality causes